Lolite
: Gem of The Vikings
When Leif Eriksson and the other legendary Viking explorers ventured far out
into the Atlantic Ocean, away from any coastline that could help them determine
position, they had a secret gem weapon: iolite. The Viking mariners used thin
pieces of iolite as the world's first polarizing filter. Looking through an
iolite lens, they could determine the exact position of the sun, and navigate
safely to the new world and back.
The property that made iolite so valuable to the Vikings is extreme pleochroism.
Iolite has different colors in different directions in the crystal. A cube cut
from iolite will look a violetish blue almost like sapphire from one side, clear
as water from the other, and a honey yellow from the top. This property led some
people to call iolite "water sapphire" in the past, a name that is now obsolete.
Pleochroism may have been helpful in navigation but it makes things difficult
for a gem cutter. If iolite is not cut from exactly the right direction, no
matter the shape of the rough, its color will not show to its best advantage.
The name iolite comes from the Greek ios, which means violet. Iolite is usually
a purplish blue when cut properly, with a softness to the color that can be
quite attractive.
Iolite is readily available and surprisingly affordable. The better and richer
the blue, the better. It is mined in India, Sri Lanka, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and
Brazil. The Vikings probably mined iolite from deposits in Norway and Greenland.
